What is Cholesterol? How to Maintain Normal Cholesterol Levels
Cholesterol is a waxy, oil-based substance that is naturally produced by the liver. While much has been made about how high levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream might have some negative ramifications for your health, the truth is that some cholesterol is actually necessary. Cholesterol has several important functions in the body, including:
Helping to build cell walls
Helping to form the bile in the intestine that supports digestion
Promoting the synthesis of certain hormones, including estrogen in women and testosterone in men
When it comes to cholesterol, it’s the type of cholesterol that matters, as well as living a healthy lifestyle that promotes normal levels. Let’s take a deeper look.
“Good” Cholesterol vs. “Bad” Cholesterol
There are two different types of cholesterol, and when you hear mention of “normal cholesterol levels”, that actually refers to the proper balance of good versus bad cholesterol. Because cholesterol is an oil-based substance, it does not dissolve in the bloodstream, which is water-based. Instead, cholesterol travels through the bloodstream in particles called lipoproteins.
Lipoproteins are tiny packages of protein and fat that carry fat and cholesterol through the blood. Good and bad cholesterol are differentiated depending on the type of lipoprotein on which they’re carried.
Low-density Lipoproteins (LDL). LDL cholesterol is considered “bad”. It is carried from the liver to the rest of the body on low-density lipoproteins. Cells latch onto these particles to extract fat and cholesterol from them, which is necessary for some of the functions mentioned above. Nonetheless, when there is more LDL cholesterol in the blood than the body needs, these particles can combine with other substances in the blood to form hard deposits in the walls of the body’s arteries. These deposits are called plaque, and they can narrow the arteries, restricting blood flow and potentially leading to health complications.
High-density Lipoproteins (HDL). HDL cholesterol is generally considered “good”. High-density lipoproteins act as scavengers, removing cholesterol from artery walls, the bloodstream, and even from low-density lipoproteins. The scavenged cholesterol then travels with the high-density lipoproteins back to the liver, where it is disposed.
Triglycerides are often mentioned when discussing cholesterol levels. Triglycerides are some of the most common fats in the body. They are made up of most of the fat that we eat, and store excess energy from our diets. A high level of triglycerides can lower HDL cholesterol levels, and, coupled with high levels of LDL cholesterol, can contribute to buildups in artery walls. This kind of buildup is sometimes linked, along with other factors, to a variety of health concerns related to the heart and circulatory system.
Maintaining Normal Cholesterol Levels
As previously mentioned, “normal cholesterol levels” refer to the proper balance of LDL and HDL cholesterol. Lower LDL cholesterol is generally considered better for your health, while higher levels of HDL cholesterol are important for scavenging the LDL cholesterol. It is also important to maintain a lower triglyceride level, as it may impact your LDL and HDL levels.
While various government agencies and medical associations set forth standards for what are considered normal cholesterol levels, the factors that impact cholesterol can vary, and it is important to consult with your physician to determine how healthy your cholesterol levels are. The American Heart Association recommends receiving a cholesterol test every four to six years for adults, but this may, of course, vary depending on your individual needs and circumstances.
Heredity is one factor that may impact your cholesterol levels; some people are genetically predisposed to high cholesterol. Age is another factor, as LDL cholesterol levels tend to rise as we get older. Still, diet can be a major - and one of the most controllable - indicators of cholesterol levels. While the cholesterol in foods has less of an impact on cholesterol levels than previously thought, a diet high in the wrong kinds of fats may potentially lower HDL and increase LDL.
Cholesterol in foods is commonly found in animal products, such as eggs, dairy products, and red meat. Foods that are rich in saturated fats, which include red meat and full-fat dairy, or trans fats, which are found in many processed foods and baked goods, may have a negative impact on your cholesterol levels.
On the other hand, some foods are thought to help lower LDL. Foods that may help lower cholesterol include:
Whole grains
Oats
Beans
Eggplant
Nuts
Certain fruits, like apples, grapes, strawberries, and citrus fruits
Soy
Fatty fish (salmon, tuna, or sardines)
Garcinia cambogia, a fruit that is often used as an ingredient in coffees
Diet alone may not be enough to help you maintain normal cholesterol levels; it is still important to talk to your doctor about what’s best for you. Nonetheless, a healthy, well-balanced diet that contains adequate amounts of proteins, complex carbohydrates, and healthy fats, may help promote normal cholesterol.
Managing your weight may also help you maintain normal cholesterol, as people who are overweight sometimes have higher LDL cholesterol levels. Sustainable weight management goes far beyond simply dieting; it is a lifestyle that incorporates eating right with exercising and a greater sense of consciousness with regard to what you’re putting into your body. If you’re searching for a better way to manage your weight, TLS® Weight Loss Solutions might be able to help.
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Sources
“About Cholesterol”. American Heart Association. Web. 10 Jan. 2018.
“HDL (Good), LDL (Bad) Cholesterol and Triglycerides”. American Heart Association. Web. 10 Jan. 2018.
“Getting Your Cholesterol Checked”. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Web. 10 Jan. 2018
“Cholesterol”. The Nutrition Source, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Web. 10 Jan. 2018.
“Cholesterol”. MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Web. 10 Jan. 2018. Geggel, Laura.
“Cholesterol Levels: High, Low, Good & Bad”. Live Science. 06 Mar. 2015. Web. 10 Jan. 2018. MacGil, Markus.
“What Causes High Cholesterol”. Medical News Today. 27 Nov. 2017. Web. 10 Jan. 2018.